Hydrogen, the first element on the periodic table, is unique and fascinating due to its unusual properties. Here are some key points to remember:
Hydrogen - Basics
➭ Symbol: H
➭ Atomic number: 1
➭ Position: Top left of the periodic table (not quite fitting in with a group)
➭ Isotopes: Protium (H-1, most abundant), Deuterium (D or H-2), Tritium (T or H-3, radioactive)
➭ Most abundant element in the universe (mostly as diatomic hydrogen, H₂)
Hydrogen - Physical properties
➭ Colourless, odourless, tasteless gas
➭ Lowest density of all elements
➭ Highly flammable
➭ Poorly soluble in water
Hydrogen - Chemical properties
➭ Highly reactive
➭ Can form covalent bonds with most elements
➭ Can act as a reducing agent (gains electrons)
➭ Forms ionic compounds with metals and some non-metals
Hydrogen - Important compounds
➭ Water (H₂O): Essential for life, a polar molecule with unique properties due to hydrogen bonding.
➭ Hydrocarbons: Organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon, the basis of most fuels and many other materials.
➭ Hydrogen halides (HX): Acids formed by the reaction of hydrogen with halogens (e.g., HCl, HF).
➭ Ammonia (NH₃): Important industrial chemical and agricultural fertilizer.
Hydrogen - Applications
➭ Fuel: Can be burned cleanly to produce energy, potential future fuel source.
➭ Fuel cells: Efficiently converts hydrogen and oxygen into electricity.
➭ Hydrogenation: Used in food processing and other industrial applications.
➭ Rocket fuel: Used in some high-performance rockets.
Hydrogen - Important reactions
➭ Combustion with oxygen: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O (releases significant energy)
➭ Reaction with halogens: H₂ + X₂ → 2HX (X = F, Cl, Br, I)
➭ Haber-Bosch process: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃ (production of ammonia)
Hydrogen - Additional notes
➭ Hydrogen is unique due to its small size and single electron.
➭ It has a complex position in the periodic table, exhibiting properties of both metals and non-metals.
➭ Hydrogen research is ongoing, with potential applications in various fields like energy storage and clean transportation.
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Chemistry Short Notes 📚⌛
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3. Periodic table — Chemistry Short Notes 📚
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5. States of matter — Chemistry Short Notes 📚
6. Thermodynamics — Chemistry Short Notes 📚
7. Chemical Equilibrium — Chemistry Short Notes 📚
8. Ionic Equilibrium — Chemistry Short Notes 📚
9. Redox Reaction — Chemistry Short Notes 📚
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