Key Concepts
- Fluid: A substance that can flow, including liquids and gases.
- Pressure: Force per unit area.
- Pascal's Law: Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished to every point within the fluid and to the walls of the container.
- Buoyancy: The upward force exerted by a fluid on an object immersed in it.
- Archimedes' Principle: The buoyant force acting on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
- Surface
Tension: The force acting on the surface of a liquid, tending to minimize its surface area. - Viscosity: The resistance of a fluid to flow.
- Bernoulli's Principle: The total mechanical energy per unit mass of a fluid remains constant along a streamline.
Formulas
- Pressure: P = F/A
- Buoyant Force: F_B = ρVg
- Pressure in a Liquid: P = P_0 + ρgh
- Equation of Continuity: A₁v₁ = A₂v₂
- Bernoulli's Equation: P₁ + ½ρv₁² + ρgh₁ = P₂ + ½ρv₂² + ρgh₂
Important Points
- The pressure at a point in a fluid depends on the depth below the surface, the density of the fluid, and the acceleration due to gravity.
- The rate of flow of a fluid is constant through a pipe of varying cross-section.
- The pressure of a fluid decreases as its velocity increases.
- The surface tension of a liquid is due to the cohesive forces between the molecules at the surface.
- The viscosity of a fluid increases with temperature.
Remember to practice solving numerical problems to reinforce your understanding of these concepts.
